An integrated landscape approach to the conservation and restoration of forest landscapes

As a central element of landscapes ("forest landscapes"), forests are of great importance for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and play an important role for local economies and social identity. At the same time, however, they face major challenges in that they are threatened by changes in land use, increasing demand for wood, or climate change. In order to secure forest landscapes with their services in the long term, it is crucial to pursue integrated approaches to their conservation and restoration. Sectoral approaches often lack success, which is why integrated landscape approaches (ILA) are gaining importance. These emphasise multifunctionality and a holistic view of forest landscapes. The theoretical framework of ILA and forest landscape restoration (FLR) is explored in this article using case studies from different regions abroad and in Switzerland. Challenges and opportunities in implementing these approaches are discussed. The importance of an integrated approach to the conservation and restoration of forest landscapes for sustainable development is particularly emphasised. It is recommended to combine landscape approaches and social-ecological innovations to make the most of the benefits of forest landscapes and to strengthen the resilience of ecosystems and communities. A deeper knowledge of the linkages between forests, landscapes and people, as well as experience with ILA and FLR strategies, can help to further advance the landscape approach in forest policy.